Hamlet of Wheatley Heights (Town of Babylon History Book, Chapter 12)

 Town of Babylon History Book - Hamlet of Wheatley Heights (chapter 12; April 2025)

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Hamlet of Wheatley Heights


History Highlights

The legend of Captain Jacob Conklin is one of the most illustrious on Long Island. Having sailed with the infamous Captain Kidd, in his youth, Conklin later became a respected citizen of Colonial Huntington. In 1710, Jacob Conklin reportedly built the first dwelling in the Town of Babylon, on the north side of Colonial Springs Road in present Wheatley Heights.[1]

The home built by Jacob and Hannah Conklin, around 1710. The Conklin home stood for more than 200 years until it was destroyed by fire in 1918.


Situated in the lower Half Hollow Hills, which have long been cherished for their natural properties, the clay and sand were found to be ideal for brick making.[2] Capitalizing on the popularity of the region’s mineral springs, which were considered to have medicinal and curative properties, the Colonial Mineral Springs Company bottled water from several of the region’s mineral springs, in the mid-1800s.[3]

An example of the bottle label used by a local water bottling company, around the late 1890s to early 1900s. The non-specific “Prof. Campbell” is touted as stating “The Great Purity of this water is shown by its small quantity of suspended matter, and by its entire freedom from odor and color.”

(Just imagine how bad other water might have been for this water company to claim that they only had a small about of “matter” in their water and that it didn’t smell.)  


A small portion of the famed Vanderbilt Motor Parkway, operated from 1908 to 1938, ran through Wheatley Heights.[4] Wheatley Heights was historically part of the hamlet of Wyandanch, although the community was separated by two school districts starting in the early 1800s.

The name Wheatley Heights comes from residential developments mapped out by real estate investor William Geiger, in the 1910s.[5] In 1974, civic leader Hermann Griem led the effort to name the post office substation Wheatley Heights, establishing the community’s current identity.[6]

A map of the Motor Parkway, from the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 15, 1907. 


What is a Hamlet?

A hamlet is a community. The Town of Babylon is comprised of ten hamlets and three incorporated villages.  The hamlets are: Copiague Deer Park East Farmingdale North Amityville North Babylon North Lindenhurst West Babylon Wheatley Heights Wyandanch And, the barrier beach communities of Captree Island, Gilgo Beach, Oak Beach, Oak Island and West Gilgo Beach.

Local governments in the state of New York include counties, cities, towns and villages. The communities within Town governments are known as “hamlets.” The term “hamlet” does not have a legal definition under NYS law, but is used to identify communities within Towns (such as the Town of Babylon) that are not part of incorporated villages, sometimes referred to as “unincorporated communities.”

A hamlet does not have its own government and is under the jurisdiction of its Town for municipal services (e.g., garbage pick-up, building codes). Causing great confusion … hamlets have no official boundaries. (Outside of the state of New York, the term “hamlet” is rarely used.)

Generally, the hamlet of Wheatley Heights is bounded on the west by Little East Neck Road, and the delineation between Wheatley Heights and Wyandanch is Nicolls Road, on the south, and Straight Path, on the east. On the north, Wheatley Heights is bordered by the Town of Huntington. When the Town of Babylon separated from Huntington in 1872, the division was made “one mile north of the Long Island Rail Road.”


Historically, there were several other properties, outside of the present hamlet, that were associated with the name Wheatley Heights Estates. Highlighted on this 1915 map are properties owned by Wheatley Heights Estates, Allied Realty and William Geiger, which were located in the present communities of Wheatley Heights, Wyandanch and Deer Park. The yellow-trapezoid represents the approximate boundaries of the Hamlet of Wheatley Heights.


An unmarked copy of this map, showing the area that is now Wheatley Heights, appears below. From Atlas of Part of Suffolk County, Long Island, New York, South Side – Ocean Shore, Volume One; Published by E. Belcher Hyde, 1915.


Looking back to 1915, in the area that is now Wheatley Heights, three people owned most of the property – Bishop McDonnell, William Geiger and the Whitson family. This chart offers a brief comparison of the area between 1915 and present time. 

1915 map

Wheatley Heights, today

Bethpage Road

Colonial Spring Road

Seamans Avenue

Main Avenue

Bishop C.E. McDonald – Bishop Charles Edward McDonnell (his name was misspelled) was Bishop of Brooklyn, 1892-1921. The property with his name was purchased by the Brooklyn Diocese.

Property between Little East Neck Road and the old Long Island Motor Parkway is now residential streets and houses. Property north of the old Motor Parkway is largely part of the Henry Kaufmann Campgrounds. 

Long Island Motor Parkway

Few remnants of this old roadway remain in this area.

Conklin’s Road

Conklin Avenue. The name survives as a nod to the Conklin Family that owned most, if not all, of the property that is now the Henry Kaufmann Campgrounds, which extends over the border into the Town of Huntington.


An advertisement for Wheatley Heights Estates, in Wyandanch and Deer Park, circa 1915.

In this type of print advertising, Long Island real estate developers appealed to prospective homeowners with romantic images of country cottages and open landscapes. Advertisements were aimed at New York City dwellers living in cramped apartments. 


Wheatley Heights – the Name, the Zip Code, Etc. 

The name “Wheatley Heights” appears to come from a real estate development company known as Wheatley Heights Estates Company, headed by William Geiger, president.[7] Geiger was also president of the Allied Realty Corporation. Geiger Memorial Park, which straddles the border between Wyandanch and Deer Park, is named for William Geiger.

Although property owned by the Wheatley Heights Estates Company was located in Deer Park and Wyandanch, the name Wheatley Heights was adopted by the Wheatley Heights Community Association in the 1950s. The community association, led by president Herman Griem led the drive to establish a post office substation for the northern area of Wyandanch, starting in the 1960s. Despite some calls for the new post office to be named “Half Hollow Hills,” Wyandanch Postmaster Thomas Brown approved the name Wheatley Heights, in 1974.[8]

In 1963, the U.S. Postal Service introduced the basic 5-digit zip code, across the country. The Wyandanch Post Office was assigned 11798. The Wheatley Heights Post Office is a substation of the Wyandanch Post Office, so both communities use the same base zip-code.

Not just in the Town of Babylon, but across Long Island, the assignment of zip codes can cause confusion about “where” things are located.  The zip code assigned to addresses is based on the post office assigned to deliver the mail, but can be confused with all of the other facilities associated with an address. Here is an example of address within the Wheatley Heights postal district.

Address

Post Office

School/Library

Fire Dept.

Village or Town

17 Devon Lane

Wheatley Heights

Half Hollow Hills

Wyandanch

Hamlet of Wheatley Heights, Town of Babylon



A Brief Look at Wheatley Heights Population

When it separated from the Town of Huntington in 1872, the Town of Babylon had a population of about 3,000 people. The chart below illustrates the population growth of Wheatley Heights and the Town of Babylon.

Decade

Wheatley Heights Population

Wyandanch Population

Town of Babylon Population

Please note: While the boundaries of the Town of Babylon are clearly defined and have remained the same since 1872, the “boundaries” of the hamlets are not clearly defined. In the census, hamlets are referred to as Census Designated Places (CDP), the boundaries of which can change from decade to decade.

1940

n/a

647 ([9])

45,556

1960

n/a

6,930

142,309

1980

n/a

13,215

203,483

1990

5,027

8,950

202,889

2000

5,013

10,546

211,703

2010

5,130

11,647

213,603

2020

5,140

12,990

218,223

Since 1990, Wyandanch and Wheatley Heights have been separate CDPs. Censuses up through 1980 used a CDP that included both communities, making it appear that the population of Wyandanch decreased and Wheatley Heights just “appeared.” However, it was actually a change in the areas in which residents were counted.

The largest and fastest increase in population occurred after World War II, commonly referred to as the “Suburban Population Boom.” From 1940 to 1960, the population of the Town of Babylon increased by 485%. The rapid increase of residents brought an increased need for housing, schools, road improvements, stores and commercial developments, and employment. In those short decades, much of the Town of Babylon and its communities changed from rural countryside to suburban neighborhoods.

 

Half Hollow Hills Central School District

Wheatley Heights is part of the Half Hollow Hills School District. Contrary to local myth, the community of Wheatley Heights has never been part of the Wyandanch School District. The two communities share a zip-code, 11798, however, the area now known as Wheatley Heights has been part of the Half Hollow Hills School District since the mid-1800s. When the Town of Babylon separated from the Town of Huntington, in 1872, the town dividing line ran through an existing school district, creating a sometimes confusing situation where Town of Babylon residents (Wheatley Heights) were in a school district based in the Town of Huntington (Half Hollow Hills).

This 1873 map shows the red division line between the towns of Babylon and Huntington. The Half Hollow Hills School District appears on both sides of the line, in green. From Atlas of Long Island, NY published by Beers, Comstock & Cline, 1873.

Most of our school district boundaries were established in the mid-1800s. The landscape of our communities changed – from farms and fields to streets and homes – but school district boundaries have largely stayed the same, despite other jurisdictional boundaries, like the division and creation of towns. 

Presently, the School District has five elementary schools, two middle school and two high schools. Former district schools include: Sweet Hollow (closed 1977)[10], Takoma’s (closed 1980)[11], The Hills (closed c.1981)[12], Manasquan (closed 1979)[13], Burr’s Lane Junior High (closed c.1991)[14], Chestnut Hill and Forest Park Schools (closed 2014).[15]

High School West Mascot – Colts

High School West Colors – Red and Gold

High School East Mascot – RedHawks

High School East Colors – Red, White and Black

·       Otsego Elementary School – opened 1967 [16]

·       Paumanok Elementary School – opened 1968 [17]

·       Signal Hill Elementary School – opened 1968 [18]

·       Sunquam Elementary School – opened 1952 [19]

·       Vanderbilt Elementary School – opened 1966 [20]

·       Candlewood Middle School (formerly Candlewood Junior High School) – opened 1965 [21]

·       West Hollow Middle School (formerly West Hollow Junior High School) – opened 1970 [22]

·       Half Hollow Hills East High School (formerly Half Hollow Hills High School) – opened 1963 [23]

·       Half Hollow Hills West High School – opened 1975 [24]

Half Hollow Hills Central School District, 525 Half Hollow Road, Dix Hills, NY 11746 (631) 592-3000 www.hhh.k12.ny.us


Half Hollow Hills Community Public Library

The Half Hollow Hills Community Public Library serves the residents of the Half Hollow Hill School District, which includes the hamlet of Wheatley Heights.

Plans for a public library started in the spring of 1957 when a temporary library committee was formed and secured use of a 4,000 sq. ft. basement room in the Old Melville School, on Sweet Hollow Road.[25] After just a year of fundraising and planning, the first library building opened in 1959 with more than 5,000 donated books. Eight librarians from the Huntington area donated their services to catalog the books.[26]

A second library building on Vanderbilt Parkway, in Dix Hills, opened in 1967. The library had 24,000 sq. ft. and boasted a book collection of more than 130,000 volumes, subscriptions to 200 monthly magazines, pamphlets from nearly 1,000 colleges, and an expanding record collection.[27]

Half Hollow Hills Community Library www.hhhlibrary.org

55 Vanderbilt Parkway, Dix Hills, NY 11746 (631) 421-4530

510 Sweet Hollow Road, Melville, NY 11747 (631)421-4535

 

Wyandanch Fire Department and Wyandanch-Wheatley Heights Ambulance Corp

The hamlet of Wheatley Heights is part of the Wyandanch Fire District and is served by the Wyandanch-Wheatley Heights Ambulance Corp.

The Wyandanch Volunteer Fire Company was established in 1925, and the first firehouse was established in 1929.[28] Adjacent to the first firehouse on Straight Path, the second (and present) station opened in 1959. Another station was built on Main Avenue in 1964.

(left) The first Wyandanch firehouse, on Straight Path and South 17th Street. The department’s first piece of equipment was a used Model T Ford fire truck purchased from the Hicksville Fire Department. (right) A 1920s Mack Chemical Combination Pumper, used by the Wyandanch Fire Company.

Wyandanch Volunteer Fire Company 1528 Straight Path, Wyandanch, NY 11798 (631) 643-9431 (non-emergency) www.wyandanchfireco.org

 

The Wyandanch-Wheatley Heights Ambulance Corp was established in 1979.[29] A local responders’ team was started in the 1950s by the Martin Kessler VFW Post, and was replaced by the Martin Luther King, Jr. Rescue Squad in the 1970s, prior to the formation of the Ambulance Corp.

The founding members of the Ambulance Corp., pictured in 1989.

Photos courtesy of the Wyandanch-Wheatley Heights Ambulance Corp.

Wyandanch-Wheatley Heights Ambulance Corp 295 Merritt Avenue, Wyandanch, NY 11798 (631) 491-3234 (non-emergency) www.wwhac.org



Monuments and Memorials   

Both memorials are displayed at Martin A. Kessler VFW Post #2912, 19 Colonial Springs Road, Wheatley Heights.

 

V.F.W. Post 2912, Wheatley Heights, N.Y. --

In Memory of Those Comrades Who Have Fallen in Defense of Our Country.


The Wyandanch Honor Roll lists the names of 193 local men and women who served in the war, including five who died in service (marked below with “”). At the time that this monument was dedicated, the communities of Wyandanch and Wheatley Heights were identified singly as Wyandanch.

Wyandanch Honor Roll 1943-1947

Erected in Tribute to All the Members of this Community Who Served Our Country.

Joseph Abbruscato • Joseph Aline • Eugene G. Arthus • Joseph E. Ashford • Frederick E. Avolin • Rudolph Bachmeyer • Andrew A. Bangheart • Alfred L. Basso • William N. Basso • Harry G. Bauerle • Walter Bauland • John J. Bonner • Harold F. Brown • Howard J. Brown • Joseph Brown • Thomas A. Brown • Edward Bulin • Joseph Bulin • Gerard Bultman • Carlton Busch • Frank Calabrese • William Callaghan • William F. Carberry • Joseph Carpenter • Frank Cioffi •Ralph Cioffi • Carl Class • Major H. Coleman • Rudolph Coleman • Kenneth Cook • Carl F. Cooke • Charles E. Cosey Jr. • Frank Curry • Raymond P. Curry • Charles Davidson • Ralph Davidson • John Delaney • Thomas J. Delaney • William A. Delaney • Edward J. Donahue • James P. Donahue • John W. Donahue Jr. • John E. Donald • Milton H. Dumper • Howard G. Ehlinger • Paul Ehlinger • John Howard Epp • Edgar Evans • Curtis Fabio • Mary M. Farley • William M. Farley • Rocco Fazio • Albert Field • Herbert E. Field • Dominic Formica • William A. Franz • Elmer Bolton • Edward Goonan • Frank Goonan • George L. Goonan • Joseph T. Goonan • Jean Gordon • William H. Grant • Edward H. Green • Marvin Greenberg • Clarence Gress • Leon J. Guido• John Guido • Robert Hall • John Halubowitz • Merrill Hawkins • George F. Henry •  Joseph Hikade • Albert J. Hobbs • Irving J. Hogan • Rudolph H. Hogner • Joseph L. Horbert • Mary M. Iasenzanird • Dominic F. Idone • James J. Imbragnia • Edward N. Jacobson • Henry Jahnsen • Leif O. Jahnsen • George Jermusyk • George Johnston • Laurence Johnston • Leonard Johnston • John R. Johnston • James T. Karika • Daniel Kash • William J. Kearney • James S. Kirk • Robert Kirk • Harold Koltzau • Walter L. Kudlicka • John L. Kupetz • Robert Larson • William G. Leacock • Frederick Liedtke • John F. McKenzie • James Mackin • John Mackin • Arthur Mahoney • Martin J. Maloney • Robert E Marcor • Henry C. Marsh • Harry Maske • Joseph Mazza • Raymond Mazza • William Mazza • Lawrence Mennig • John Michno • Chris T. Miller • William C. Miller • Anita L. Moeller •Jack Momperler • Henry J. Moore • Henry C. Mullen • Harold Murphy • John McCarthy • Thomas J. McCormack • Thomas J. McCormack Jr. •John McGuinness • Thomas McGuire • Frank McNally • Robert McNally • Harry A. Neumair • Harry Neumann • Richard Neumann • Harry Norman • Richard K. Norman • Charles Novotny • Herman Nietner • Alfred A. Nyholm • William R. Nyholm • Paul Oberreuter • James P. O’Brien • William J. O’Brien • Theodore Paschalides •Harold Patterson • Richard E. Piggott • Robert D. Pilnatek • Frederick E. Prince • Robert Rattazi • Rocco F. Razzano • Thomas Reilly • William F. Reilly • Anthony J. Rinaldi • Kenneth Ritchie • Lester Roe • Charles Rogers • George L. Rose • Barney Phillip Russo • Benjamin Russo • Eugene H. Ryder • Joseph Ryder • Stephen Ryder • Frederick Schneider • William C. Schnitzer • Betty Shaw • Clarence W. Simerell • George Slater • Mitchell Sofolarides • Charles W. Spady • Jerome F. Spilker • Peter Staudt • Harald F. Strower • John Sutherland • Joseph Taglieri • Frank Troiano • James Troiano • Frederick Ungerer • William Ungerer • Albert Van Nuis • Russell L. Vaughn • Thomas J. Ver Pault • Albert A. Wahlberg • Harry Wahlberg •  John O. Wahlberg • Charles Ware • Henry J. Weisheit • Edward G. Welsch • Robert H. Willis • Courtney Wilson • Laclede Wilson • James C. Wilson • John P. Wilson • Russell E. Wilson • Frederick A. Wimmer • Joseph W. Wimmer • Edward G. Winter • John A. Wyckoff • Herbert R. Zirk

 Veterans of Foreign Wars, at Martin A. Kessler Post No. 2912, 19 Colonial Springs Road, Wheatley Heights, was named for PFC Martin A. Kessler (1898-1940) who served in the U.S. Army in World War I and was a member of the Post.  


Historical Markers within the Hamlet of Wheatley Heights

Marker Name and Location

Text

Notes

Jacob Conklin -- Commemorates the legend of local resident Jacob Conklin. 

Located on the north side of Colonial Springs Road.

Jacob Conklin -- Legend Says After Sailing with Pirate Captain Kidd in 1690s, Conklin Built Home Here in 1710. House Destroyed by Fire in 1918.

Funded by a grant from the William G. Pomeroy Foundation, Legends & Lore Program.



Town of Babylon Parks and Recreational Facilities

SSG Kevin VerPault

Kevin VerPault Memorial Park, Little East Neck Road

Formerly known as Colonial Springs Park, the 11-acre park was renamed in 1980 and dedicated to the memory of Staff Sgt. Kevin E. VerPault (1947-1968), 1st Infantry Division, who was Killed in Action in Vietnam in defense of his country. He also served his community as a member of the Wyandanch Volunteer Fire Co. and V.F.W. Post 2912.[30]

Park facilities include junior baseball fields, basketball and tennis courts, a playground, restrooms and free Wi-Fi access.

 

Hermann Griem

Hermann Griem Park, Brown Boulevard

In 1971, the Town of Babylon named the 13-acre park for Hermann Griem (1908-1989).[31] As a community member and president of the Wheatley Heights Community Association, Mr. Griem was a driving force in the establishment of the Wheatley Heights Post Office Sub-Station in 1974, thereby launching the community’s name.

Park facilities include junior baseball fields, handball and tennis courts, a picnic area, playground, restrooms and free Wi-Fi access.

Hermann Griem Park, pictured c. 2010.

From 1957 to 1959, soap box derbies were held on Landscape Drive (now Hermann Griem Park), co-sponsored by the Babylon Leader newspaper and Booth Chevrolet, West Babylon. The Town of Babylon race winners then competed in the All-American Soap Box Derby sponsored by the Chevrolet, in Akron Ohio.  Images from the 1957 soap box derby in 1957 or 1958.

Hamlet of Wheatley Heights

1.      “Gen. Casey’s Stock Farm. Interesting Stories of an Old Long Island Pirate,” South Side Signal, October 15, 1875, p. 1; History of Suffolk County, by W.W. Munsell, 1882, Town of Babylon chapter p. 17, Town of Huntington chapter p. 36; Huntington – Babylon Town History, by Romanah Sammis, 1937, p. 268-272.

2.     “Half Hollows,” South Side Signal, August 23, 1873, p. 2; “West Deer Park,” South Side Signal, June 5, 1875, p. 2; “West Deer Park,” South Side Signal, July 29, 1882, p. 3.

3.     “On Long Island – Valuable Mineral Springs Have Been Discovered – Are Located at Wyandance,” The Standard Union (Brooklyn), December 7, 1893, p. 4.

4.     “No Cup Race This Year on L.I. Motor Parkway,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 15, 1907, p. 23.

5.     Advertisement, “Wheatley Heights Estates,” Elmira Star-Gazette, October 30, 1912, p. 10; “William Geiger,” The New York Times, June 14, 1934, p. 23.

6.     “Postal Name Sparks Feud,” by Joan LoBiondo, Newsday, July 26, 1974, p. 19; “Post Office Name Raises Civic Ire,” by Joan LoBiondo, Newsday, August 11, 1974, p. 19.

7.      Advertisement, “Wheatley Heights Estates,” Elmira Star-Gazette, October 30, 1912, p. 10; “William Geiger,” The New York Times, June 14, 1934, p. 23.

8.     “Postal Name Sparks Feud,” by Joan LoBiondo, Newsday, July 26, 1974, p. 19; “Post Office Name Raises Civic Ire,” by Joan LoBiondo, Newsday, August 11, 1974, p. 19.

9.     Population from "Historical Population of Long Island Communities, 1790-1980: Decennial Census Data,” compiled and edited by State University of New York at Stony Brook Library and Long Island Regional Planning Board, August 1982.

10.  “District Votes On Plan to Sell Extra Property,” Newsday, April 13, 1977, p. 27.

11.   “Plan to Close School In Dix Hills Opposed,” Newsday, January 29, 1980, p. 27. “State Oks School Closing,” Newsday, October 5, 1980, p. 23.

12.   “Appellate Court Backs Town Board on Zoning,” by Maureen O’Neill, Newsday, July 17, 1986, p. 27.

13.   “Plan to Close 3 Schools OKd,” Newsday, January 9, 1979, p. 24.

14.   “School Closing Splits District: Half Hollow Hills critics say move to cut costs was made in haste,” by Michele Salcedo, Newsday, May 12, 1991, SHU p.1, 4.

15.   “Half Hollow Hills residents petition state on Forest Park school closure,” by Mackenzie Issler, December 2, 2013, Newsday.com.

16.   “Half Hollow Hills Plan OKd,” Newsday, March 30, 1966, p. 27.

17.   “School Board Lists Areas of Bargaining,” Newsday, February 7, 1968, p. 20.

18.  “School Board Lists Areas of Bargaining,” Newsday, February 7, 1968, p. 20.

19.   “To Dedicate Sunquam School,” Long Islander, February 21, 1952, p. 12; “Sunquam School Dedicated Sunday,” Long Islander, March 13, 1952, p. 8.

20.  “Five New Schools to Open in Township This Fall To Seat Record Enrollment of 57,752 Students,” Long Islander, by Pat Klaffky, August 25, 1966, p. 1, 9.

21.   “District 5 Dedicates 2 Schools,” by Kay Meyer, Long Islander, October 14, 1965, p. 1, 9.

22.  “Name Is Given For High School,” Long Islander, April 23, 1970, p. 2; “District 5 to Open 3 New Schools,” Long Islander, August 27, 1970, p. 25.

23.  “Bids Opened For New Half Hollow Buildings,” Long Islander, February 2, 1961, p. 5; “Half Hollow Hills High To Be Dedicated Sunday,” Long Islander, April 18, 1963, p. 11.

24.  “Redistribution studied for Half Hollow Hills schools,” Long Islander, December 19, 1974, p. 3.

25.  “Activities in Melville,” by Caroline Martin, Long Islander, December 11, 1958, p. 18.

26.  “Melville Group Readies Library to Open in April,” Newsday, February 17, 1959, p. 10; “Over 5,000 Books Donated For Library In Hills Community,” Long Islander, February 19, 1959, p. 1, 2; “Half Hollow Hills Community Library To Open Soon,” Long Islander, April 9, 1959, p. 8; “Cataloging Bee At New Community Hills Library,” Long Islander, April 16, 1959, p. 12.

27.  “Library Approved In Half Hollow Hills,” Newsday, December 2, 1965, p. 27; “Half Hollow Ready To Open Library,” Long Islander, July 27, 1967 p. 5.

28.  “Dance at Wyandanch Saturday,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, February 28, 1928, p. 23 (raise funds for firehouse); “Town Board Had A Busy Day Last Friday,” Long Islander, May 25, 1928, Section Three, p. 6, 7.

29.  “Wyandanch Ambulance To Roll Again,” by Cathy Davidson, Newsday, May 30, 1974, p. 17; “Ambulance Corps Recuses Itself,” by Cathy Davidson, Newsday, December 12, 1974, p. 19; “Town Approves Contract With Ambulance Service,” Newsday, March 18, 1981, p. 33; “A Nun’s Effort Revives Dying Ambulance Corps,” by Scott Minerbrook, Newsday, February 22, 1982, p. 21.

30.  “Lier Killed in Vietnam,” Newsday, February 29, 1968, p. 27; “A Tribute To A Friend – Kevin E. VerPault,” Newsday, February 19, 1988, p. 30.

31.   “People – Gadfly town park,” Newsday, May 5, 1971, p. 7; “Name Town Park for Civic Leader,” Daily News, September 20, 1971, p. 29;“Quiet End to an Outspoken Life – Hermann Griem, 81, was town’s foremost civic activist for 4 decades,” Newsday, September 10, 1989, p. SBA 1, 3.


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